Writing machine for thermal responsive transfer material



J. Q. SHERMAN 2,057,696

WRITING MACHINE FOR THERMAL RESPONSIVE TRANSFER MATERIAL 0 20, was.

3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Jan, 27, 1934 Get. 20, 1936. J. Q. SHERMAN2,957,596

WRITING MACHINE FOR THERMAL RESPONSIVE TRANSFER MATERIAL Filed Jan. 27,1934 3 Sheets-Sheet 2\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\72- E01,. I V -I Oct. 20, 19 36. W N 25,057,696

WRITING MACHINE FOR THERMAL: RESPONSIVE TRANSFER MATERIAL Filed Jan. 27,1934 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Oct. 20, 1936 PATLNT OFFICE WRITINGMACHINE FOR. THERMAL RE- sronsrvn TRANSFER MATERIAL ,John Q. Sherman,Dayton, Ohio Application January 27, 1934, Serial No. 708.631

33 Claims.

This invention relates'to writing machines and in more particular towriting machines for use with heat responsive transfer material. Theconventional transfer material generally referred to as carbon paper isobjectionable in that it is smutty and the resulting work produced isoftentimes also smutty due to direct or indirect contact with thetransfer material. Various methods have been employed to eliminate thissmutty effeet of the transfer material, some of which are disclosed inmy Patents Nos. 1,864,097, and 1,865,-

708. In thepresent disclosure instead of sealing or coating the transfermaterial, heat responsive transfer material that is homogeneousthroughout may be used. This material is fast under normal roomtemperatures and therefore is not smutty, smeary and transferablewithout a change in temperature. This transfer material can be used assuch only by'the application of temperatures higher than or other thanordinary atmospheric temperatures.

An object of this invention is to provide a device for the use oftransfermaterial that is non-transferable at ordinary room temperaturebut becomes transferable when heated.

A further object of the invention is to provide a heater for the writingmachines.

A further object of the invention is to provide a heated platen for awriting machine.

A further object of the invention is to provide 9 a control mechanismfor maintaining the heated parts at a predetermined temperature.

A further object of the invention is to provide a thermal responsivecutout for the heating device on the writing machine.

. A further object of the invention is to provide a time responsivecutout for the writing machine that cuts out the heater circuit afterthe writing machine has been idle for a predetermined period of time. I

A further object of the invention is to provide a time control meansthat is responsive to the operation of the writing machine.

A further object of this invention is to provide transfer material thatis non-smutty and nontransferable at ordinary room temperature buttransferable at some other temperature.

Another object of this invention is to provide adjustable means foradjusting the temperature 50 supplied to the transfer material inresponse to the demands thereof.

Another object of this invention is to provide a regulator for theheater unit whereby the impressed voltage may be changed to accommodateat varying conditions. 1

The above primary and other incidental objects in view, as will morefully appear in the specification, the invention consists of thefeatures of construction, the parts and combinations thereof,

and the mode of operation, or their equivalents, as hereinafterdescribed and set forth in the claims.

Fig. 1 discloses a schematic plan view of a typewriter provided with aheating unit.

Fig. 2 discloses an end view of the device dis- 1o closed in Fig. 1,with parts broken away.

Fig. 3 discloses a sectional view of a rotary platen provided with aheater element.

Fig. 4 discloses a modification of a stationary platen provided with aheater element. 15

Fig. 5 discloses a cross-sectional view of the stationary'heater platendisclosed in Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 discloses another modification of the invention applied to anautographic register or billing machine.

Fig.7 shows the heater elements applied to a flat bed platen writingmachine.

Fig. 8 discloses a voltage regulator or a voltage control.

trol.

In conventional typewriters using conventional forms of transfermaterial, so-called carbon copies are made by the type impinging uponthe record material and the carbon material to form an impression uponthe carbon copy. This is done at ordinary room temperature whichnecessitates the use of transfer material wherein a wax or oilysubstance is used to keep the transfer material plastic or transferableat ordinary room temperatures. This transfer material has a number ofobjections, it being smutty and smeary if sumciently moist or plastic toproperly transfer or copy. In addition to the above disadvantages thistransfer material dries out, at which time it is of no value as it failsto copy. In other words only small supplies can be kept on hand as itdeteriorates with age.

In the present embodiment, transfer material that is not transferable,smutty or smeary at ordinary room temperature and that does notdeteriorate with age has been used. Although the process is applicableto interleaved transfer sheets it is preferably for coating the reverseside of the record sheets so as to eliminate the use of the interleavedtransfer sheets. This has been accomplished by providing a heatresponsive coating which fuses upon the application of heat higher thanordinary room temperature. The

Fig. 9 discloses an adjustable thermostatic conmoisture content of suchcoating is comparatively low ".0 that at ordinary room temperature thecoating is dry, hard and non-transferable. The following coatings havebeen found suitable although not intended as a limitation but merely asan illustration of the present invention:

N0. 1Blaclc No. 2Blue 22 nitrated cotton solution (approximately 45-60centipoises for a 25% solution at 15 deg. C.) 32 polymerized drying oil(polymerized tungChina-wood oil) 50 solvent. Alkyl esters (ethylacetate, butyl acetate, amyl acetate, butyl propionate) 50 diluent.Aromatic hydrocarbons (benzol, toluol) 15 Milori blue 1 methyl violetdye 8 plasticizer (triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, dibutylphthalate) 50 nitrated cotton solution (approximately 450-700centipoises for a 25% solution at 15 deg. C.)

1 fossil gum (Zanzibar copal, Congo copal, Kauri copal, Manila copal) 12oz. non-drying oil (castor oil) 36 solvent. Alkyl esters (ethyl acetate,butyl acetate, amyl acetate, butyl propionate) 84 diluent. Aromatichydrocarbons (benzol, toluol) 27 alcohols. Alkyl alcohols (methylalcohol, ethyl alcohol, amyl alcohol) 20 Milori blue 2 methyl violet dye10 plasticizer (triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, dibutylphthalate) Like parts are indicated by similar characters of referencethroughout the several views.

Referring to Figs. 1, 2 and 3, portions of a conventional typewritercarriage has been shown in which is mounted a heated platen I0 to therear of which is found a pair ofpreheaters l2 and I4, one mounted aboveand one mounted below the record material advancing into writingposition. To the rear of the typewriter has been shown a stationary timecontrolled switch l6. Members l0, l2, l4 and I6 will now be described inorder.

In the particular modification disclosed, a pin feed platen has beendisclosed wherein the feeding pins are actuated in a manner similar tothat disclosed in my co-pending application Serial No. 542,855, filedJune 8, 1931 for a Pin :feed platen roll. A platen without a pin feedingdevice can be used although a feeding device should be used capable offunctioning without pressure on the record and transfer material in thetrack of the transfer material while it is in a heated state, Theinterior of the platen i0 is heated by a heater element l8, mountedintermediate the supports 20 and 22 in the particular embodiment shown,and energized from a pair of leads 24 and 26 passing through suitableapertures 28 and 30 in the support 20 and terminating in the slip rings32 and 34 carried by the platen shaft 36. The slip rings 32 and 34 arevinsulatingly mounted upon the shaft 36 and in fixed relation thereto sothat the slip rings 32 and 34, the shaft 36, the platen l0, and theheater element l8 all rotate in unison. Suitable brushes 38 and 40energized from a suitable source of electric power contact the sliprings 32 and 34 so as to energize the heater element l8.

The rate at which the record material advances through the writingmachine depends entirely upon the operator and the nature of the Work.This influences the rate of radiation of heat'from the platen. Inaddition thereto the terminal voltage and the temperature of theatmosphere exerts influence upon the temperature of the platen. In thepresent embodiment a thermostatic cutout 42 is mounted upon a suitablecollar 44 carried by the platen l0. When the temperature within theplaten reaches a predetermined value the thermostatic cutout 42 willautomatically open-circuit the heater coils until the temperature of theplaten drops to a predetermined value at which time the circuit isagainclosed and the heating of the platen resumed.

The thermostat disclosed in Fig. 3 has been schematically shown. Adetail disclosure of a suitable thermostat is shown in Fig. 9. Itincludes the base 46 preferably carried by the collar 44. Mountedthereon is an insulating support 48 carrying a bimetallic thermostatelement 50 flexed in the up-position, as disclosed in Fig. 9, when thetemperature reaches a predetermined value influenced by the magnitude ofthe pressure exerted by spring 52, and into downposition, shown indot-dash, when the temperature drops to a predetermined value, at whichtime the contact 54, energized through member 50 and lead 55, engages afixed contact 56 connected to the lead 58. It has been found that thetemperature required for some types of material is not the same as thetemperature required for. other types of heat responsive material.

Thisbeing the case it is very desirable to have a variable thermostat toaccommodate varying conditions. This has been accomplished in themodification disclosed by the adjustable screw mounted in the flange 62.By adjusting the screw 60 the tension of the spring 52 is changed,thereby changing its force applied tothe thermostatic element 50.- If itis desirable to raise the temperature of the platen the tension ofthespring 52 may be tightened so as to prevent the bi-metallic element 50from releasing until the temperature has increased considerably andvice-versa. The screw 60 has been arranged in ofiset relation from thefixed axis of the thermostaticelement so that as the screw 60 isadjusted its pressure influences the opening of the circuit more so thanthe closing thereof.

A variable rheostat 54 shown in Fig. 8 is preferably connected inserieswith the input leads -of the writing machine which may be set so as toprevent the frequent operation of the thermodemands.

correspond with variable grades of transfer material. For example therheostat 64 may be so calibrated that the indicia 3 registers with. thepointer 66 for a transfer material requiring 180 and so that the indicia2 registers with the pointer 56 when record material requiring only 160temperature is used. These values are merely used to illustrate theoperation of the device and not as a limitation.

The heat supplied by the platen may not be sufiicient to raise thetransfer material to the required temperature, especially if the recordmaterial and transfer material are advanced past the platen veryrapidly. Preheaters l2 and I4 have been disclosed for heating thetransfer material in advance of the platen. The length of the contactingheater surface exposed to the transfer material may be selected bychanging the size of the preheaters to meet the particular Each of thepreheaters have been provided with heater elements l8 and thermostaticcutouts 42 as shown schematically in Fig. 2. The preheaters may beconnected either in parallel or in series with the platen and with oneanother. In the particular modification disclosed in Fig. 1 thepreheater I2 is connected in series with the preheater 14 but inparallel with the heater element l8 found in the platen ID.

A time control switch l6 has been mounted in a fixed relation upon thetypewriter. This time control switch automatically open-circuits theheater elements after a predetermined interval of time so that if thewriting machine is abandoned by the operator for any length of time thepower is automatically cut off. The details of this time control switchwill not be described at this time for the reason that it is fullydescribed in my Patent No. 1,850,421, excepting that instead of beingmanually operable, as disclosed in my patent, it is operated in responseto the transverse movement of the carriage of the typewriter.

, A member or bumper 1|, carried by the carriage of the typewriter andadjustably mounted on the rack bar 12, actuates the reciprocatoryratchet bar 14 whenever the carriage of the typewriter approaches oneend of its travelso that the time control switch I6 is automaticallywound each time the carriage approaches one end of its travel. Member 1|may be adjusted on the rack bar 12 to agree with the adjustment of themarginal indicator 16 mounted thereon. For convenience member 1| hasbeen mountedupon one marginal indicator l6 in'the particularmodification shown. If the writing machine is abandoned for aconsiderable length of time and the rack bar 14 is not actuated, thetime control switch l6 automatically open-circuits the heater elementsthereby preventing a waste of v energy and decreasing the fire hazard.

Where pin wheel feed devices are used and spaced away from the platenthe preheater l2 and the platen l may be united. This has been disclosedin Figs. 4 and 5. In this modification a platen I0 is shownsubstantially pear-shaped.

It and its heater element l8 do not rotate.

The pin wheel feeding device I? is mounted for rotation adjacentopposite ends of the platen and carried by the shaft I4. The cams 16,which are similar to the cams. disclosed in my above referred toapplication Serial No. 542,855, are so positioned as to project the pinsin the proper relation with respect to the writing position and the pathof the'r ecord material toproperly present the same to the platen. Thecams I6 are preferably mounted upon 'a stationary sleeve I8,

suitable preheater i4 similar to one of the preheaters disclosed in Fig.2, is mounted adjacent to a portion of the platen 70.

In the. modification disclosed in Fig. 6 a fiat bed table 90 of anautographic register 94 is provided with a heater 96 for heating thetable so as to supply heat to the heat responsive transfer materialoverlying the writing table. The heater element 96 is connected inseries with a thermostatic cutout 42 and insulatingly isolated from therecord material magazine 98. This is to prevent the heat responsivetransfer material within the magazine 98 from softening and smearing orsmutting the record material. In this modification the time controlswitch l6 has been fixedly mounted upon the autographic register and therack bar 14 reciprocated once for every revolution of the pin wheel feedI00 which usually revolves through one revolution when the used form isejected and a new form advances into writing position. Thus it is seenthat the autographic register is provided with a device for heating thewriting table from which advances the record material with the heatresponsive transfer material; is provided with a thermostatic cutoutwhich open-circuits the heater coil when the record material overlyingthe writing tablet reaches a predetermined temperature; and is providedwithmeans for automatically open-circuiting the heater element after theautographic register has been abandoned for a predetermined interval oftime. A rheostat for supplying suitable voltage for the requirements ofthe heater elements may be connected in series therewith.

In Fig. 7 a fiat bed writing machine has been disclosed wherein theheater elements I8 underlie the writing platen I02 over which advances awriting machine I04. The heater element is also controlled by thethermostatic device 42, the

voltage reduced by a rheostat, not shown. The circuit is interrupted bya time control switch, not shown, after the lapse of a predeterminedperiod of non-use.

In each of the modifications described above, electric heater elementshave been disclosed. Howeveninstead of electrically heated platens andpreheaters and electric heating elements in writing tables, these couldbe heated by steam or gas where such sources of heat are found moreconvenient than the use of electricity. Likewise any other suitablesource of heat may be used within the purview of this invention.

From the above description it will be apparent that there is thusprovided a construction of the character described, possessing theparticular features of advantage before enumerated as desirable, butwhich obviously is susceptible of modification in its form, proportionsand ar-' derstood that the invention is not limited to specific detailsshown, but that the means and construction herein disclosed comprise thepreferred form of several modes of putting "the invention into effect,and the invention is therefore claimed in any of its forms ormodifications within the legitimate and valid scope of the appendedclaims.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. The combination of a writing machine for use with a sheet having acoating of heat responsive transfer material normally non-transferableat ordinary temperature, having a platen with a heater unit forsupplying heat to the transfer material so as to make. the coatingavailable for transfer, any portion of which may be transferred onlywhile being written upon.

2. In a writing machine for use with a sheet having a coating of heatresponsive transfer material normally non-transferable at ordinarytemperature, the combination with a platen of a heater unit mounted insaid plate for supplying heat to the transfer material so as to make thecoating transferable for the transfer of any selected portion thereofwhile passing through the writing machine. I

3. In a writing machine for use with a sheet having a coating of heatresponsive transfer material normally non-transferable at ordinarytemperature, the combination of a platen with a heater unit located insaid platen, said heater unit including means for controlling thetemperature of the platen within the range of temperatures required tomake'the heat responsive transfer coating ready for transfer of anyselected portions in writing position.

'4. In a writing machine for use with a sheet having a coating of heatresponsive transfer material normally non-transferable at ordinarytemperature, the combination of a platen, of a heater unit associatedwith said platen for supplying heat to the transfer material to make thecoating ready for transfer of any selected portion thereof, and meansfor controlling the temperature of the heater unit, within the rangewherein the heat responsive transfer material is transferable, whilepassing the writing position of the machine.

5. A writing machine for use with a sheet having a coating of heatresponsive transfer material normally non-transferable at ordinary tem-vperature, including a platen and a pair of heater units arranged inspaced relation with respect to the platen for supplying heat to theheat responsive transfer material to make the coating ready for transferof any selected portion thereof.

6. A writing machine for use with a sheet having a coating of heatresponsive transfer material normally non-transferable at ordinarytemperatures, including a platen, a heating unit in the platen formaking the coating ready for transfer of any selected portion thereof,and time control means associated therewith for interrupting theoperation of the heating unit.

'7. A writing machine for use with a sheet having a coating of heatresponsive transfer material normally non-transferable at ordinarytemperature, including a platen, a heater unit associated with'saidplaten for making the coating transferable whereby any selected portionthereof in prokimity to the platen may be transferred, means forcontrolling the temperature of the heating unit, and time control meansfor interrupting the operation of the heating unit after a predeterminedperiod of non-use of the writing machine.

the

8. Iua writing machine for use with a sheet having a coating of heatresponsive transfer material normally non-transferable at ordinary temperature, the combination with a heater unit for making the coatingready for transfer of selected portions thereof of a thermostaticcontrol for maintaining the temperature of the heater unit .within thetransferable range of temperature of said transfer material.

9. In a writing machine for use with a sheet having a coating of heatresponsive material normally non-transferable at ordinary temperature,the combination of a platen, of a heater unit associated with saidplaten for supplying heat to the transfer material to make the coatingready for transfer of selected portions thereof, and means for-limitingthe temperature of the heater unit to the lowest range possible at whichheat responsive material may become transferable while passing throughthe writing position of the machine, below which heat range the transfermaterial is non-transferable.

10. A writing machine for use with heat responsive material normallynon-transferable at ordinary temperature, including a platen, twinheaterunits arranged in spaced relation with respect to said platen and withrespect to each other for supplying heat to both sides of the heatresponsive transfer material passing between them.

11. A writing machine for use with a sheet having a coating of heatresponsive transfer material .that is non-transferable at ordinary room.temperature, including a platen, a heater unit associated with theplaten for supplying heat to the transfer material so as to make ittransferable throughout an extended area, any selected pore 'tion ofwhich may be transferred, a time control means controlled by theoperation of the writing machine for automatically maintaining theheating unit heated during the operation of the ma chine.

12. A writing machine for use with a sheet having a coating of heatresponsive material normally non-transferable at ordinary temperature,including a platen, and heater unit associated with said platen, to makethe coating transferable throughout an extended area any selectedportion of which may be transferred, means for controlling thetemperature of the heating unit, switch means for supplying heat to theheating unit, and means for controlling'the amount of heat supply to theheating unit.

13.A writing machine for use with heat responsive transfer materialnormally non-transferable at ordinary temperature, including a platen,-non-frictional feeding means for the transfer material for feedingwithout frictional or pressure contact, a heater unit associated withsaid platen, and means for controlling the temperature of the heatingunit.

14. A writing machine for use with forms having interleaved sheets ofheat responsive transfer material normally non-transferable at ordinarytemperature, including a platen, means for marginally feeding the formspast the writing position without frictional or pressure contact, aheater unit associated with said platen, and means forv controlling thetemperature of the heating ferable at ordinary atmospheric temperature,the

combination of a platen, of a' pin wheel feed for feeding the forms pastthe platen, and a heater unit located in said platen for supplying heatto the heat responsive transfer material to make an extended areathereof transferable, any selected portion of which maybe transferred.

16. In a writing machine for use with a sheet having a coating of heattransfer material normally non-transferable at ordinary atmospherictemperature, the combination of a platen, a pin wheel feed for feedingthe transfer material past the platen, and a heater in spaced relationwith said platen for supplying heat to said transfer material wherebyany selected portion of the heated area may be transferred at theplaten, said heater unit having a thermostat control for regulating theheat to be supplied to said heater unit.

17. A writing machine for use with a sheet having a coating of heatresponsive transfer material normally non-transferable at ordinarytemperature, including a platen, a pin wheel feed for feeding thetransfer material past said platen, an electric heater unit associatedwith said platen, said electric heater unit supplying heat to thetransfer material so as to make it transferable when passing the writingposition of the machine so that any selected portion may be transferred,means for maintaining an even temperature of heat in the electricheating unit, means for automatically supplying and cutting off thecurrent to the electric heating unit, and means for controlling thesupply of electric current to the heater.

18. In a writing machine for use with a sheet having a coating of heatresponsive transfer material normally non-transferable at ordinarytemperature, the combination of a platen, a heater unit associated withsaid platen for making the coating in proximity thereto transferable,any portion of which may be transferred and a time switch through whichheat is supplied to the platen, said time switch being normally kept inclosed position by the operation of the machine, said switchautomatically opening when the operation of the machine is discontinued.

19. In a writing machine for use with heat responsive materialnon-transferable at ordinary atmospheric temperature, the combination ofa heater unit relatively associated with the platen for supplying heatto the heat responsive transfer material with means for feeding therecord material past the platen without affecting the transfer of thetransfer material by the action of said feeding means.

20. In a writing machine for use with heat responsive transfer-materialnormally non-transferable at ordinary atmospheric temperature, thecombination of a platen with a heater unit associated with the platenfor supplying heat to.the heat responsive transfer material, and meansfor feeding the record material past the platen without effecting thetransfer of the transferable material.

21. In a writing machine for use with a sheet having a coating of heatresponsive transfer material normally nontransferable at ordinaryatmospheric temperature, including a platen, nonfrictional feeding meansfor the transfer material for feeding the same without frictional orpressure contact, and a heater unit associated with said platen to makethe coating of the transfer material transferable throughout an extendedarea any portion of which may be transferred.

22. In a writing machine for use with a sheet having a coating of heatresponsive transfer material normally non-transferable at ordinaryatmospheric temperatures, including a platen, means engaging the marginsof the transfer material for feeding it past the platen, and heatermeans associated with the platen to make the transfer materialtransferable throughout an extended area, any selected portion of whichmay be transferred.

23. In a writing machine, having a writing position, for use with asheet having a coating of heat responsive transfer material normallynontransferable at ordinary atmospheric temperatures, including meansfor feeding the transfer material, and means associated with the writingposition for making an extended area of the transfer materialtransferable, any selected porti on of which may be transferred.

24. In a manifolding appartus the combination with material feedingmeans for progressively advancing superposed strata of record materialand an interposed stratum of normally inert transfer material in unisonwith each other past the writing position of a writing machine, ofactivating means associated therewith for activating a progressivelychanging area of the stratum of inert transfer material prior toreaching the writing position and imprinting means for effectingtransfer at the writing position of restricted portions of the activatedarea to an adjacent stratum of record material.

25. In a manifolding apparatus the combination with material feedingmeans for progressively advancing superposed strata of record materialand an interposed stratum of normally inert transfer material past awriting position, thermal activating means by which a progressivelychanging area of the inert stratum of transfer material is activatedpreparatory to a writing operation and impact means for successivelytransferring portions of the activated area thereof to an adjacentrecord material stratum.

26. An apparatus for utilizing a manifolding assembly wherein a stratumof normally inert thermal responsive transfer material is interp'osedbetween superposed strata of record material, including means forprogressively advancing the manifolding assembly past a writingposition, thermal activating means to the influence of which theinterposed stratum of transfer material is progressively subjectedduring its advance to writing position, and imprinting means foreffecting transfer of restricted portions of the activated area of saidstratum of transfer material onto an adjacent stratum of recordmaterial.

2'7. An apparatus for utilizing a manifolding assembly wherein a stratumof normally inert transfer material isv interposed between superposedstrata of record material including means for progressively advancingthe manifolding assembly past a writing position, activating meansassociated therewith in offset relation with the writing position fortemporarily activating a portion 1 of the stratum of transfer materialduring its advance to the writing position, and imprintingmeanseffecting transfer of restricted areas of the activated portion ofthe transfer stratum'onto an adjacent stratum of record material.

28. In a manifolding apparatus, the combination with a writing machineof manifolding material feeding means for progressively advancing past awriting position superposed record sheets having interposed therebetween a stratum of normally inert percussion responsive transfermaterial, heating means establishing a thermal zone through which thematerial is passed to the writing position by the feeding means andwithin'which the transfer 'materialjis thermally conditioned, andpercussion means for transferring the preconditioned material .onto anadjacent record sheet.

29. In a manifolding apparatus for use of material wherein a normallyinert stratum of thermal sensitive percussion motivated transfermaterial is interposed between superposed record sheets, a writingmachine, material feeding means for advancing the manifolding materialpast a writing position, temperature control means establishing apreconditioning zone through which the material is advanced to thewriting position by the feeding means and percussion means for effectingtransfer of the preconditioned transfer material from said stratum to anadjacent record sheet.

30. A manifolding apparatus for use of material wherein a normally inertstratum of transfer material is interposed between superposed recordsheets, a writing machine having a writing position, feeding means forprogressively advancing the record material past the writing position,transfer material conditioning means associated with the writing machineaffording a pre-conditioning zone within which the normally inerttransfer material is activated preparatory to transfer of restrictedportions of the transfer area thereof to an adjacent record sheet by theoperation of the" writing machine.

31. In a manifolding apparatus for use of manifolding material wherein anormally inert stratum of transfer material is interposed betweensuperposed record sheets, a writing machine having a writing positionpast which the assembly of record and transfer material is progressivelyadvanced, means for advancing the assembly oi material,- and activatingmeans for the transfer material affording a conditioning zone throughwhich the transfer material is advanced and within which the transfermaterial is energized and means for effecting transfer of successiverestricted portions of the energized area of the I transfer stratum toan adjacent record sheet.

32. In a manifolding apparatus for use of manifolding material wherein anormally inert stratum of transfer material is interposed betweensuperposed record sheets, a writing machine having a writing positionpast which the assembly of record and transfer material is progressivelyadvanced, activating means associated with the writing machine forconditioning the normally inert transfer material for transfer to anadjacent record sheet, and means for advancing the record and transfermaterial respectively past the writing position and said activatingmeans, and impression making means for effecting transfer of restrictedareas of the conditioned transfer stratum to an adjacent record sheet.

33. A writing machine for use of manifoldlng material wherein a stratumof normally inert transfer material is interposed between superposedsheets of record material, said writing machine having a writingposition, material feeding means for progressively advancing the recordmaterial past the writing position, and activating means for thetransfer material establishing a conditioning zone within which thenormally inert transfer material is activated preparatory to transfer ofrestricted portions of the stratum of transfer material to an adjacentrecord sheet by the operation of the writing machine.

JOHN Q. SHERMAN.

